飛機起落架系統之危害分析技術研究

A STUDY ON THE HAZARD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

　　飛機為一種造價昂貴、高操作支援成本且長壽期之產品。由於飛機之失事事件通常造成重大之財產損失及人員傷亡，因此飛機之製造商與使用者皆特別注重飛機系統之設計與操作安全。當飛機著陸時，第一時刻與地表接觸的是起落架系統，因此飛機降落時起落架系統結構設計的好壞，決定著機上搭載乘客的生命。有鑒於起落架系統對於飛機安全的重要性，故在設計初始階段的風險評估，即成為一個很重要的飛安指標。
　　本文首先探討危害分析相關技術，其次發展出一套可協助分析人員於產品開發之初，能快速且有效的了解整個系統設計的優缺點的實用流程。該流程整合系統介面方塊圖、失效危害分析與失效樹分析等相關技術，對問題進行定性與定量分析。藉由對飛機起落架系統的探討，本文最後闡明此流程的用法及有效性。

　　Since major property damage and casualties can usually be caused by the incident of a plane crash, the manufacturers and users of aircrafts pay particular attention on how to design and operate aircrafts safely. When an airplane lands, the landing gear system acts to contact with the ground surface at the first moment. Therefore, a good and safe design of aircraft landing gear systems will protect the lives of passengers significantly. In view of the importance of the landing gear system for the safety of an aircraft, a hazard evaluation in the initial design phase thus becomes a very important indicator for flying an aircraft safely.
　　This study first investigates hazard analysis related techniques, and then develops a practical process which can help the analyzers to understand the advantage and disadvantage of the whole system rapidly and effectively at the initial design stage. This process integrates system interface block diagram, fault hazard analysis and fault tree analysis etc., and performs a qualitative and quantitative analysis on the problem to be tackled. By studying the aircraft landing gear systems, this paper finally illustrates the usage and effectiveness of the proposed process.